Kinds of Models
نویسندگان
چکیده
There could hardly be two more disparate uses of the word “model” than animal model and nonstandard model of arithmetic. One refers to a biological organism, the other to a mathematical structure. The term animal model is used to describe the employment of an animal bred specifically for laboratory use to study some physiological process, such as the employment of laboratory rats to study the effects of various toxins, drugs, and therapies on humans. Here the interest is not in rat physiology per se, but in the analogous human physiological processes about which the animal model can provide insight. So referring to the rat as a model does not quite capture what is meant by animal model; what the rat is a model of, and in what way the rat models it, is involved in the concept as well.1 The term nonstandard model of arithmetic refers to a mathematical structure that happens to satisfy axioms originally formulated to axiomatize the ordi-
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تاریخ انتشار 2005